2.2 Project Life Cycle and Organisation

• 2.2 Projects V Operational Work
• Work can be categorised as Operational or Project based
• Characteristics of each type: 
• individuals do the work
• have constraints
• have objectives
• are planned, executed, monitored & controlled
• Operations: ongoing, produce repetitive product
• Project: temporary, unique product
• generally a lot of interaction between a project team and operational functions
• project deliverables can change Operations e.g.
• developing new product/ service to sell
• developing a new information system
• 2.3 Stakeholders
• people or organisations who might be affected by the project
• stakeholders have different levels of authority over the project & this can change during the project
• it is essential that the project team identifies all internal and external stakeholders - failure can cause delays and costs
• key stakeholders
• customers/users: internal/external, custs & users may be the same people or different
• sponsor: provides money and authority for the project, champions project, helps develop scope & charter, acts as escalation path
• portfolio managers/portfolio review board (select projects): review project ROI,value, risks...
• program managers: support and guide project managers
• Project Management Office (PMO): centrally manages & supports projects, stakeholder if has direct/indirect responsibility for project outcome: 
• project managers: 
• project team: project manager, project team, subject matter experts (SMEs)
• functional managers: e.g. finance, HR managers...
• operations managers: managers in a core business area e.g. R&D, maintenance...
• sellers/business partners: partners can do training, installation etc for your organisation